What it is: Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electrical charge when dissolved in body fluids. They are essential for numerous physiological processes, including maintaining proper fluid balance, transmitting nerve signals, and enabling muscle contractions.
Common examples: Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and bicarbonate.
Why they matter: Electrolytes regulate hydration, blood pH, nerve and muscle function, and the movement of nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. Imbalances can lead to dehydration, muscle cramps, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and other serious health issues. Athletes and people who sweat heavily need to replenish electrolytes regularly.
In supplements: Found in sports drinks, electrolyte powders, hydration tablets, and mineral supplements.
